Property:Abstract
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<p>Monitoring and maintaining the equipment to ensure its reliability and availability is vital to industrial operations. With the rapid development and growth of interconnected devices, the Internet of Things promotes digitization of industrial assets, to be sensed and controlled across existing networks, enabling access to a vast amount of sensor data that can be used for condition monitoring. However, the traditional way of gaining knowledge and wisdom, by the expert, for designing condition monitoring methods is unfeasible for fully utilizing and digesting this enormous amount of information. It does not scale well to complex systems with a huge amount of components and subsystems. Therefore, a more automated approach that relies on human experts to a lesser degree, being capable of discovering interesting patterns, generating models for estimating the health status of the equipment, supporting maintenance scheduling, and can scale up to many equipment and its subsystems, will provide great benefits for the industry. </p><p>This thesis demonstrates how to utilize the concept of "Wisdom of the Crowd", i.e. a group of similar individuals, for fault detection and prognosis. The approach is built based on an unsupervised deviation detection method, Consensus Self-Organizing Models (COSMO). The method assumes that the majority of a crowd is healthy; individual deviates from the majority are considered as potentially faulty. The COSMO method encodes sensor data into models, and the distances between individual samples and the crowd are measured in the model space. This information, regarding how different an individual performs compared to its peers, is utilized as an indicator for estimating the health status of the equipment. The generality of the COSMO method is demonstrated with three condition monitoring case studies: i) fault detection and failure prediction for a commercial fleet of city buses, ii) prognosis for a fleet of turbofan engines and iii) finding cracks in metallic material. In addition, the flexibility of the COSMO method is demonstrated with: i) being capable of incorporating domain knowledge on specializing relevant expert features; ii) able to detect multiple types of faults with a generic data- representation, i.e. Echo State Network; iii) incorporating expert feedback on adapting reference group candidate under an active learning setting. Last but not least, this thesis demonstrated that the remaining useful life of the equipment can be estimated from the distance to a crowd of peers. </p>
<p>This paper presents writer-independent offline handwritten character recognition for Ethiopic script. The recognition is based on the characteristics of primitive strokes that make up characters. The spatial relationships of primitives whose combinations form complex structures of Ethiopic characters are used as a basis for recognition. Although this approach efficiently recognizes properly written characters, the recognition rate drops for characters where the spatial relationships of their primitives could not be drawn. This happens mostly when the connections between primitives are not properly written, which is a common case in handwriting. To complement the recognition, we classify characters based on the characteristics of their primitives, resulting in grouping of characters in a five-dimensional space. Once the type of characters is identified, recognition can be achieved with a minimal set of information from their spatial relationships. A comprehensive database is also developed to standardize the evaluation of research works on offline Ethiopic handwriting recognition systems. Our proposed system is tested is with the database and experimental results are reported.</p> +
